Difference between disinfection and sterilization

Disinfection and sterilization are two important techniques in disease prevention and hygiene of medical facilities and equipment. Both techniques aim to eliminate or minimize the presence of microorganisms, but there are significant differences in their scope and application.

Disinfection

Disinfection is the process of eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, on inanimate surfaces and non-critical objects. The surfaces are cleaned and then treated with chemical or physical agents to kill the microorganisms present. Common chemical agents used for disinfection are chlorine, peracetic acid, and glutaraldehyde. There are different levels of disinfection, such as high, intermediate and low disinfection, depending on the number of microorganisms that are eliminated.

Sterilization

Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms present on an object, whether it is a surgical instrument, a critical surface or medical equipment. Sterilization is essential in surgical procedures and in the preparation of culture media and vaccines. Objects are treated with physical or chemical agents, such as Dry heat, steam, ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide. Sterilization is the highest level of infection control and is required in situations where it is necessary to ensure complete elimination of microorganisms.

Conclusions

• Disinfection eliminates most pathogenic microorganisms, while sterilization eliminates all microorganisms present.
• Disinfection is appropriate for inanimate surfaces and non-critical objects, while sterilization is essential for critical objects, such as those in direct contact with the human body.
• The chemical agents used for disinfection are different from those used for sterilization.
• Sterilization it is a process more complex and requires more time and resources than disinfection.

In summary, both disinfection and sterilization are essential to maintain spaces free of microorganisms and prevent the spread of diseases. It is important to know the differences between both techniques and apply them correctly depending on specific needs and objectives.