Difference between reversible process and irreversible process
Introduction
In thermodynamics, processes can be classified into two main categories: reversible processes and irreversible processes. Both involve changes in the properties of a system, but the way in which these changes occur is very different.
reversible process
A reversible process is defined as one that can be completely reversed without producing any non-reversible changes in the surrounding environment. This means that if a reversible process is reversed, it would restore exactly the original state of the system and the environment.
Example of a reversible process
An example of a reversible process is an adiabatic expansion, also known as free expansion, in which a gas expands against a piston without heat transfer to its surroundings. If the gas were compressed in the piston again, the process would be completely reversible and the gas would return to its original state.
Irreversible process
An irreversible process is one that cannot be completely reversed. This means that a non-reversible change occurs that affects the system or the environment around it. In an irreversible process, the ability to recover the original state of the system and the environment is lost.
Example of irreversible process
An example of an irreversible process can be the combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines. In This process, fuel is burned and mechanical work is produced to move the vehicle, but exhaust gases are also released and heat is produced. This process cannot be reversed because the exhaust gases cannot be recombined to get the original fuel.
Comparison between reversible and irreversible process
| Feature | reversible process | Irreversible process |
|---|---|---|
| Full rollback possible | It can be completely reversed without non-reversible changes in environment. | It cannot be completely reversed, a non-reversible change occurs. |
| energy use | It requires a minimum amount of energy to keep the process in balance. | Requires a significant amount of energy to be irreversible. |
| Efficiency | It is possible to achieve a process with 100% efficiency. | The efficiency is always less than 100% due to energy loss. |
Conclusion
In summary, the difference between a reversible and irreversible process can be found in its ability to be completely reversed without producing a non-reversible change in the surrounding environment. In a reversible process, energy is not lost and 100% efficiency can be achieved. In an irreversible process, energy is always lost and the efficiency is less than 100%.
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