Introduction

Polymerization is the process by which macromolecules are formed from monomers. This process It can occur in two main ways: by addition and by condensation.

addition polymerization

Addition polymerization it is a process in which monomers join together to form a larger molecule without the removal of any other small molecules. This process is used in the synthesis of polymers such as polyethylene and polycarbonate.

Addition polymerization process

In addition polymerization, an initiator is used to help the monomers join together to form a long chain. The initiator can be a free radical or an ion, which unites with the monomer to form a more reactive species called a free radical and thus continue creating the polymer chain.

condensation polymerization

Condensation polymerization is a process in which monomers join together to form a larger molecule and release a small molecule such as water or alcohol. This process is used in the synthesis of polymers such as nylon and polyester.

Condensation polymerization process

In condensation polymerization, monomers contain reactive functional groups that can react with other monomers with opposite functional groups. During the reaction, a covalent bond and a small molecule is released as a byproduct to form the polymer.

Differences between addition and condensation polymerization

• In addition polymerization, no removal of any molecule occurs during the formation of the polymer, while in condensation polymerization, removal of a small molecule such as water or alcohol occurs.
• Addition polymerization requires an initiator to start the reaction, while condensation polymerization occurs in the presence of catalysts.
• Addition polymerization is generally faster than condensation polymerization.

Conclusion

Addition and condensation polymerization are important processes in the production of many polymeric materials. Although both processes result in the formation of macromolecules from monomers, there are notable differences in the way they are carried out. It is important to know these differences in order to select the appropriate synthesis process for the production of a particular polymer.

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