Difference between qualitative and quantitative methodology
La scientific investigation It is a fundamental pillar for the advancement of knowledge and understanding of various phenomena. Within this field, there are two main approaches: qualitative methodology and the quantitative methodology. Although both seek to answer questions and generate new knowledge, they present significant differences in terms of their approach, techniques and results.
The qualitative methodology focuses on the deep understanding of the phenomena from a subjective and contextual perspective. It focuses on the interpretation of the experiences, perceptions and meanings that individuals attribute to reality. Qualitative researchers seek to understand the “why” and “how” of phenomena, exploring the complexity and diversity of individual perspectives.
Data collection techniques in qualitative methodology
In the qualitative methodology, the techniques of data collection They are based on direct interaction with the participants. Some of the most common techniques include:
- In-depth interviews: They allow you to obtain detailed and personal information about the participants.
- Focus groups: They facilitate discussion and the exchange of ideas among a group of people.
- Participant observation: It implies that the researcher immerses himself in the context studied to understand the social dynamics.
- Document analysis: Texts, images, and other materials are examined to extract meanings and patterns.
Data analysis in qualitative methodology
Data analysis in qualitative methodology is a process iterative y reflexive. Researchers seek to identify emerging themes, patterns, and concepts through coding and the categorization of the data. The interpretation of the results is based on the deep understanding of the context and the experience of the participants.
Key differences with quantitative methodology
On the other hand, quantitative methodology focuses on the measurement and the statistical analysis of the phenomena. It seeks to quantify and generalize the results through the collection of numerical data and the use of statistical techniques. The quantitative methodology is based on objectivity, reproducibility and generalization of the results.
| Qualitative methodology | Quantitative methodology |
|---|---|
| Subjective and contextual approach | Objective and generalizable approach |
| Data collection techniques: interviews, focus groups, participant observation | Data collection techniques: surveys, experiments, statistical analysis |
| Iterative and reflective data analysis | Statistical and significance-based data analysis |
It is important to highlight that both methodologies have their strengths y limitations, and its choice depends on the research problem, the objectives and the context in which the study is developed. In some cases, it is even possible to combine both approaches in one design. mixed research to take advantage of the advantages of each one.
The choice between qualitative and quantitative methodology requires careful reflection on the part of researchers. Each approach offers a unique and valuable perspective for grasp y abordar the phenomena of interest. In the end, the most important thing is to select the methodology that best adapts to the research questions and that allows to achieve significant and relevant results in the field of study.