Difference between sense strand of DNA and antisense DNA strand
El DNA It is the molecule that houses the genetic information of all living beings. This molecule is composed of two chains complementary that wind around each other forming a double helix. Although both strands are essential for the functioning of DNA, there are important differences between the chain of meaning and antisense chain.
The sense chain: the template for protein synthesis
The sense chain, also known as the coding chain or coding strand, is the DNA sequence that contains the information necessary for the protein synthesis. This chain reads in the 5' to 3' direction and serves as a template for the transcription of the Messenger RNA (mRNA).
The meaning chain has the following characteristics:
- It contains the sequence of codons that code for specific amino acids.
- It is complementary to the sequence of the antisense chain.
- It is transcribed in the mRNA, which is subsequently translated into proteins.
The antisense chain: the necessary complement
On the other hand, the antisense chain, also known as the noncoding chain or strand mold, is the complementary sequence to the meaning chain. This chain is read in the 3′ to 5′ direction and serves as a template for the synthesis of the chain of meaning during DNA replication.
The antisense chain is characterized by:
- Be complementary to the sequence of the sense chain.
- Do not code directly for the protein synthesis.
- Be necessary to maintain the stability of the double helix structure of DNA.
The relationship between the chains of sense and antisense
Although the sense chain is the one that contains the information for the protein synthesis, both strands are equally important for the proper functioning of DNA. The complementarity between the sense and antisense chains allows the formation of the structure of double helix, which is essential for the stability and protection of genetic information.
Furthermore, during the replication of DNA, the antisense strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new sense strand, thus ensuring the reliable transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells.
Practical applications of knowledge of DNA chains
Understanding the difference between the sense chain and the antisense chain is essential for various applications in the field of genetics and molecular biology. Some of these applications include:
- The design of primers for the amplification of specific DNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- The development of gene therapies based on the manipulation of gene expression.
- Understanding of the mechanisms of gene regulation and its role in development and disease.
Knowledge of the sense and antisense strands of DNA is essential for researchers and professionals working in fields related to genetics and molecular biology. This knowledge allows them to design experiments, develop new therapies, and better understand the fundamental biological processes that support life.